Evaluation of the responses of three tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum L.) inoculated with bacteria when grown under stress conditions due to wastewater and copper sulfate

Resumo

The objective of this research was to evaluate the responses of three varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L., inoculated with bacterial strains and exposed to stress conditions by wastewater and copper sulfate under greenhouse conditions within the facilities of the Montecillo Graduate School Campus. Texcoco, Mexico. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with a factorial arrangement, with three replications and two levels of copper sulfate (with and without). Sulfate is a compound found in nature. It is found naturally in water in different quantities. The water may taste bitter if it contains a large amount of sulfate. Sulfates are also found in minerals, soil, rocks, plants, and foods. CuSO4·5H2O and its use in agriculture. This forms large, bright blue crystals containing five water molecules (CuSO4∙5H2O), also known as blue vitriol. Anhydrous salt is created by heating the hydrate to 300 °F (150 °C). Cupric sulfate is mainly used for agricultural purposes as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive.

Two types of soil irrigated with two irrigation sources (wastewater and clean water), three bacterial consortia, and three varieties of tomato lycopersicum (two improved and one native peasant) were used to compare the effect on physiological growth development.

Analyses of variance and mean comparisons were performed (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05). Using bacterial consortia, the crop's development was promoted under stress conditions by copper and in soils historically irrigated with wastewater for 120 days. In the R.G. 22 variety, the bacterial consortium (1) of pment of the plant, in the R.G. 19 variety, the best response occurred with the use of bacterial consortium 3 (A, D, A7), in the R.N. 22 variety and the use of the two bacterial consortia (1 and 3) favored the development of seedlings. The evaluations of the greenhouse seedling response to inoculation were similar, so the two evaluations allowed to verify that bacterial consortia 1 and 3 had a positive effect on seedling development. The R.G. 22 variety, through the use of bacterial consortium one that includes the bacteria P. putida, P. fluorescens, and A9, presented significant differences in the control treatment. The length of the stem and 3% diameter of the stem were increased, the length was increased by 14% and volume by 33% of the root, and the dry biomass of the aerial part increased by 14%, with respect to the control. In the R.G. 19 variety, through bacterial consortium 3, there was a 25% increase in stem length, 7% in root, 13% in the dry biomass of the aerial part, and 25% in leaf area. In the R.N. 22 variety, through the use of consortia 1 and 3, there was an increase in the number of leaves, 20% length and 60% root biomass, and 17% in the dry biomass of the aerial part, compared to the control.