Vegetation diversity through a humidity gradient of San Ignacio Oasis, Baja California Sur, Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.58.8Keywords:
Species diversity, desert, dendrogram, Shannon index, Simpson index, Sorensen index.Abstract
Soil humidity is an important environmental factor that affect composition, diversity and structure of the vegetal communities. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity changes that occur over a humidity gradient, limited by the source of water of the oasis San Ignacio and the adjoining desert of Baja California Sur, Mexico. The study area was divided into nine strips of 100 m width. Over them, there were randomly selected 140 plots of 500, 20 and 1 m2 to register the vegetal species present in the tree, shrub and herbaceous layers, respectively. Species richness, Shannon-Weiner diversity, Simpson dominance, Pielou equity and true species value indexes were estimated and compared between humidity levels. The qualitative index of Sörensen was estimated to evaluate species similitude and similar communities were grouped applying dendrograms. The species richness of the herbaceous and shrub layers falls abruptly at 520 and 720 m far away from the source of water. Species richness and diversity in the tree layer presented an undefined tendency. The similitude index allowed to concentrate the herbaceous, shrub and tree vegetation layers in 4, 5 and 3 clusters. The diversity analysis suggest to determine that herbaceous and shrub species are more sensitive to humidity changes than tree species.
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